2015年11月18日星期三

Clinical Symptoms and Classifications of Lupus Nephritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organs and systems. Nearly all patients with SLE have renal injury in some degrees. In most cases, Lupus Nephritis occurs after the rash, arthritis and other symptoms. However, about ¼ of the patients with SLE have Lupus Nephritis primarily. Lupus Nephritis has various kinds of pathological courses so its clinical symptoms also have various kinds. Clinically, the symptoms of Lupus Nephritis include six types:

1. Mild

Some patients with Lupus Nephritis only have mild renal injury. About 30~50% of the patients do not have clinical symptoms and they routine urinalysis abnormalities. The urine test result is positive and the urine protein is less than 1 gram per day. Moreover, they often have microscopic hematuria and cast urine, but keep normal renal function.

2. Nephrotic Syndrome

It covers 40~60% of the total population with Lupus Nephritis. It includes two types:

(1) Clinically, some patients with Lupus Nephritis simply have a large amount of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and edema. In this case, the disease progresses very slowly and the survival rate of kidneys is 50% in 10 years. For this part of patients, the systemic lupus symptoms are also not active.

(2) Besides Nephrotic Syndrome, the patients also have Nephritic Syndrome and hematuria, hypertension and renal injury. Moreover, they often are complicated with lupus activity. Left untreated, most of the patients with Lupus Nephritis will develop End Stage Renal Failure in 2 years. If they can receive proper treatment in time, they can improve the prognosis of the disease.

3. Chronic Nephritis

The population of Chronic Nephritis covers 35~50% of the patients with Lupus Nephritis. The patients often have hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria, cast urine, renal injury and even Renal Failure. The prognosis of this part of patients usually is not good. They often have systemic lupus activity.

4. Tubular injury

The Lupus Nephritis patients with tubular injury often have tubular acidosis along with kidney calcification and stone.


As Lupus Nephritis has various kinds of clinical symptoms, the patients should pay more attention to its symptoms and receive treatment as early as possible.

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