2014年12月24日星期三

The causes of renal failure

The causes of kidney failure are:

1. The elderly and children: The renal function of the elderly degenerate, and diminished capacity of drug detoxification, high sensitivity nephrotoxic drugs, is the cause of renal failure, hypovolemia. Hypovolemia: Bleeding due to various reasons also causes kidney failure. Kidney and gastrointestinal fluid out, leaving skin fluids (eg burning, excessive sweating) ect, hypovolemia cause. When hypovolemic, reduction in renal perfusion, low GFR, while sympathetic excitation and cause rise vasopressin renal vasoconstriction, which further decrease GFR does induce ARF. Circulatory failure: Clash of several causes, heart failure and other circulatory failure causes renal hypoperfusion, GFR floor.The excessive use of antihypertensive drugs is also a cause of renal failure.

2. After surgical: severe primary disease, the use of anesthesia and sedation, tissue trauma, fluid loss, blood loss, and other factors make after major surgery prone. The opportunity after cardiac surgery accretes renal failure depends on cardiopulmonary short time and the situation of cardiac function restored. Obstetric complications: Pollution during early pregnancy abortion: Late Stage severe hypertension induced by pregnancy, bleeding, pain ect child, complications were easily induced, these are the reasons for kidney failure.

3. Severe infections and sepsis: Variety cause serious infections is also renal failure, in particular, those with sepsis may renal ischemia induced renal toxicity mechanisms. Severe Trauma: as burns, crush injuries, severe fractures ect because organizations infection shock and trauma, such as the release of myoglobin likely ARF. Severe burns are a large amount of fluid loss and kidney failure intravascular hemolysis is also one of the reasons.

4. cirrhosis and ascites: Now plasma renin - aldosterone system is activated, vasopressin secretion increased as a result of renal sodium retention. Abnormal liver function capacity makes drug detox to get off. At this point is likely to cause acute renal failure if ascites too much too fast, these patients use nephrotoxic drugs are also vulnerable to disease. Kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease can affect self often function of the kidneys, may be due to an illness or aggravate certain additional factors (infections, urinary tract obstruction, water and electrolyte imbalance, use of nephrotoxic drugs etc.) inducing. Nephrotic syndrome associated with idiopathic acute renal failure in recent years, attention may circulating blood volume because insufficient effective protein renal tubular obstruction, renal edema thrombosis oppression tubular and interstitial renal vein and other mechanisms to the nephrotic syndrome ARF, description itself renal disease should be considered as an independent cause of kidney failure. Moreover elderly prostatic hypertrophy use of anticholinergic drugs, renovascular hypertension using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, abuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, overdose of drugs cyclosporine and acute chemotherapy-induced hyperuricemia are also what are the reasons for the renal failure.

5.La application of nephrotoxic drugs: The use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides, contrast agents and cephalosporins, especially in the elderly, children, dehydration, diabetes, cirrhosis, kidney diseases that are particularly dangerous when applied, it is also one of the reasons of the kidney.

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