2014年12月30日星期二

The clinical manifestations of renal failure

With the development of society, many people are renal failure, therefore, we see together the clinical manifestations of renal failure.

1. Main sorina period

The most critical stage of the disease, a serious disorder in the environment. Patients may be oliguria (<400ml / day) or no urine (<100 ml / day), low specific gravity urine (1010 ~ 1020), urinary sodium is high, hematuria, proteinuria, urinary tube and so in turn. Severe water intoxication can occur in patients, hyperkalemia (often this term cause of death), metabolic acidosis (can promote hyperkalemia) and azotemia (uremia progressive increase may occur), etc, endangering the lives of patients. This period lasts a few days to a few weeks, continuing the longer the worse the prognosis.

2. Long-term sorina

After sorina meno period gradually increase the amount of urine, when the output of urine a day more than 500 ml is introduced poliuria.A Thereafter, the production of urine twice daily, to a daily urine sample 3000-6000ml , even more than 10000ml. In the initial period of polyuria, urine output, although increased, but the rate of renal clearance remains low, the accumulation of metabolites remain. About 4 to 5 days, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine gradually decreased with increasing urine output, along with the improvement of symptoms of uremia. Potassium, sodium, chloride and other electrolytes large amount of discharge of urine can cause electrolyte imbalance and dehydration, oliguria should be noted that the phase can be converted to peak hypokalemia. This period lasts 1-2 weeks.

3. Convalescence

Urine gradually returned to normal, from 3 to 12 months, renal function gradually recovered, most recovered renal function to normal levels, only a small number of patients with chronic renal failure.

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