The kidney performs several vital functions in body. It can filter blood and discharge the excessive water by producing urine. In Nephrotic Syndrome, the permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane increases and can not filter blood normally as before. However, the renal tubule still keeps normally so they can reabsorb water and sodium thus arousing retention of water and sodium.
Therefore, the blood flow will increase thus resulting in high blood pressure.
Nephrotic syndrome from a medical point of view, is not a single disease, is characterized by massive proteinuria, severe edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Without timely and effective treatment, can easily lead to other concurrent symptoms.
1. Infection: Nephrotic Syndrome may cause diplococcal pneumonitis, peritonitis or sepsis. As the patients often have protein malnutrition, low IgG level and complement protein level. Therefore, the white blood function decreases, which can cause the immunity to decline.
2. Acute Renal Failure: As the patients often lose a large amount of protein loss in urine, it can cause the albumin level in blood to decrease. Consequently, the plasma oncotic pressure decreases and the effective circulating blood volume decreases. As a result, the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
3. Thrombopoiesis :The activity of antithrombotic factors declines so the aggregation ability and glutinousness of blood rise. Moreover, low protein level and high fat level in blood can make blood become thick. Arteriosclerosis can damage wall of blood vessels, which can cause the blood hypercoagulable state. As a result, the patients often have renal vein embolism.
4. Malnutrition : As Nephrotic Syndrome often loss a large amount of protein in urine, it is very likely to cause protein malnutrition thus resulting in amyotrophy and development disorder for children. In addition, the lost proteins combine with microelements such as zinc, bronze and so on. Therefore, the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome often have hypozincemia, weak immunity, and anemia and so on.
5. Blood vessels diseases : Long term hyperlipidemia, especially low-density lipoprotein can lead to coronary thrombosis.
6. Abnormal renal tubule function : A large of proteins flow into proximal tubule, it can cause tubule disorder. The patients with Nephrotic Syndrome may have renal glucosuria, acidaminuria and proximal renal tubular acidosis.