For the patients in the end stage of renal failure, they usually need to take
dialysis. And due to the decline of the renal function, the patients may have
the symptoms of anemia, lacking in strength, emaciation, lethargy or even coma
and so on. These are all because the damaged kidney can’t secrete and excrete
normally, leading to the accumulation of the metabolism and toxins in the body
and destroying the inner balance of the patients.
Dialysis can relieve the above symptoms to some extent. Therefore, the diet
and eating quality will affect the patient’s nutriture and the long term life
quality. For the specific, the patients need to pay attention the following
aspects:
1, intake of the protein
Usually, the patients of uremia need to take in 0.8g/(kg·d) protein before
dialysis and take in 1.2g/(kg·d) protein after the dialysis. Among this protein,
50% of it should be the high quality protein(such as milk, egg white, lean meat,
shrimps and so on). Patients should keep the ideal weight before the
dialysis.
2, intake of total calorie
The total calorie of the patients includes protein, fat and sugar. Usually,
the calorie intake the patients who is taking dialysis should be 96.3-11.3
KJ/(kg·d). among this, the calorie provided by sugar should be about 55%—60%,
which should give priority to fibre and polyose. The calorie provided by fat
should not exceed 30%.
3, intake of water and salt
For the healthy people, the intake of salt of everyday is about 2-6g, while
for the patients doing dialysis, the intake of salt depends on different
condition.
For the patients who still have part of renal function and have more than 1L
urine per day, they can restrain the intake of water slightly (<2L/day) and
restrain the intake of salt (<3-4g/day). At the same time, they need to take
diuretic.
For the patients who have no urine, they should restrain the intake of water
(<1L/day) and restrain the intake of salt (<2g/day). The patients should
pay attention to that the change of the weight during the dialysis should be no
more than 5%.
4, intake of potassium, calcium and phosphorous
Due to the renal function decline of the renal failure patients, the
excretion and secretion function of the kidney also decline or disappear. So the
patients are suggested to take diets with low potassium, low phosphorous, high
calcium. Besides, the patients need to supply proper Vitamin D. while, for the
patients who take peritoneal dialysis, they need to supply the intake of
potassium, because there is no potassium in the peritoneal dialysis solution,
which will lead to the hypokalemia.
5, intake of Vitamin
For the patients who take dialysis, they will lose much water-soluble Vitamin
during the dialysis. So, for all the patients taking dialysis, it is very
necessary to supply the intake of folic acid and B Vitamins to decline the
incidence of anemia and cardiovascular diseases.
In a word, there are many restrains and conditions on the diets of the
patients who are taking dialysis. However, the patients also need to adjust
these restrains and conditions according to their own compliance, complications,
economic condition and dietary habits and so on.