Oliguria and anuria are medical terms which describe urine production by the
kidneys. Oliguria refers to the production of an abnormally small amount of
urine (<500 mL/24h). Anuria is defined as the absence of urine production or
the lack of urine (<100mL/24h).
Pathophysiology
Physiologic oliguria appears when the kidneys restrict renal water loss
during episodes of low renal perfusion to keep fluid of the body and balance of
electrolyte. Low effective circulating fluid volume or high plasma osmolality
increase the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Then ADH will
act on the kidneys, inducing the formation of small amount of concentrated
urine.
Pathologic oliguria occurs due to severe renal parenchymal impairment.
Reasons include:
1) Low glomerular permeability; 2) excessive leakage; 3) high resistance in
afferent glomerular vessels; 4) intratubular obstruction; 5) marked reduction in
the glomerular filtration quantity due to extensive loss of nephrons.
Anuria may be the result of renal or postrenal origin. Occasionally, it can
be caused by severe kidney disease. Usually, it results from post-renal causes,
such as urinary flow obstruction, etc.
Treatment
In order to increase or maintain the urine output and protect the remaining
kidney function, patients had better receive effective treatment as early as
possible. In our hospital, integrated Chinese - western medicine is applied to
block further renal injury, protect the healthy renal cells and tissues, repair
the kidney impairment, and restore the kidney function in a maximum degree. Your
life quality can be significantly improved. In some cases, patients can get rid
of dialysis, or at least prolong the interval of dialysis.