2015年7月14日星期二

Oliguria and Anuria: Cause and Treatment

Oliguria and anuria are medical terms which describe urine production by the kidneys. Oliguria refers to the production of an abnormally small amount of urine (<500 mL/24h). Anuria is defined as the absence of urine production or the lack of urine (<100mL/24h).

Pathophysiology

Physiologic oliguria appears when the kidneys restrict renal water loss during episodes of low renal perfusion to keep fluid of the body and balance of electrolyte. Low effective circulating fluid volume or high plasma osmolality increase the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Then ADH will act on the kidneys, inducing the formation of small amount of concentrated urine.
Pathologic oliguria occurs due to severe renal parenchymal impairment. Reasons include:

1) Low glomerular permeability; 2) excessive leakage; 3) high resistance in afferent glomerular vessels; 4) intratubular obstruction; 5) marked reduction in the glomerular filtration quantity due to extensive loss of nephrons.

Anuria may be the result of renal or postrenal origin. Occasionally, it can be caused by severe kidney disease. Usually, it results from post-renal causes, such as urinary flow obstruction, etc.

Treatment


In order to increase or maintain the urine output and protect the remaining kidney function, patients had better receive effective treatment as early as possible. In our hospital, integrated Chinese - western medicine is applied to block further renal injury, protect the healthy renal cells and tissues, repair the kidney impairment, and restore the kidney function in a maximum degree. Your life quality can be significantly improved. In some cases, patients can get rid of dialysis, or at least prolong the interval of dialysis.

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