Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are
damaged, causing them to leak large amount of protein from the blood into the
urine (>3.5g/d). In clinic, it can be divided into primary Nephrotic Syndrome
and secondary Nephrotic Syndrome. Then how to diagnose Nephrotic Syndrome? You
can find the answer in the following text.
Ⅰ. Health history
The doctor will ask about patient's medical history, through which he can
gather more data about the symptoms, prior history or family history of allergy
or related diseases. Generally, a detailed and precise history gives definite
intimation to the diagnosis.
Ⅱ. Physical examination
More than 95% of patients with Nephrotic Syndrome have edema. Generalized
edema is dependent and pitting in character. In children with marked ascites,
mechanical restriction of breathing may be present, and the child may have fast
and shallow breathing. Hypertension may appear in majority of Nephrotic Syndrome
patients. Besides, other signs may also include a concurrent upper respiratory
tract infection, abdominal tenderness, etc.
Ⅲ. Medical tests
Tests and procedures used to diagnose Nephrotic Syndrome include:
● Urinalysis
A urinalysis can reveal abnormalities in the urine, such as large amounts of
protein, is you have Nephrotic Syndrome. In order to determine the exact amount
of proteins in the urine, a 24-hour quantitative test may be ordered.
● Blood tests
A blood test often shows low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) specifically and
often, decreased levels of blood protein overall. Loss of albumin is often
associated with elevated blood cholesterol and blood triglycerides. The doctor
may take a blood sample to see how well the kidneys are removing wastes. If the
blood contains high levels of creatinine and urea, some kidney damage may have
already occurred.
● Kidney biopsy
Your doctor usually perform with a long needle passes through the skin after
the patient lies flat on his stomach. Then the doctor will use an ultrasound
scan to find out exactly where the kidneys are and where to insert the needle.
The sample is then examined under the microscope and it may take several days
before the answer is available.
Early detection and prompt treatment are of great importance to Nephrotic
Syndrome patients. If you need any help, please contact us online.