Urine Routine Test (URT) is a common assistant diagnosis approach, which is
an objective indicator for many diseases in early stage. This test usually
checks physical character, chemical components and urinary sediment of urine. As
to checking urine’s physical character, it includes urine volume, urinating
frequency, urine color and transparency, odour and specific gravity. A normal
person may discharge urine 4-6 times, urine volume is 1000-2000ml. If abnormal,
urine volume may increase or decrease. Fresh urine presents yellow and
transparent, and the color will become dark if urine volume decreases. Usually,
if urine was replaced for a while, salt can dissolve from urine and the
dissolved salt can make urine turbid. Under pathological conditions, urine color
and transparency usually present variations. For instances, Hematuria,
Hemoglobinuria, Pyuria, Bilirubinuria and Chyluria etc. For normal people, their
urine usually has no odour or has slight aroma.
Tests for urine’s chemical component include urine pH value, qualitative test
for urinary glucose and urine protein test. pH value of urine can reflect the
acid-base balance status in human body. In normal cases, urine pH value is 6 or
so and presents acid faintly. Urine pH value can be affected by food, medicine
and various diseases, and urine presents faintly alkaline as taking more
vegetables, conversely, urine presents acid when people intake meats or foods
with high proteins. qualitative test for urinary glucose and urine protein test
should present negative under normal conditions.
Microexamination of urine sediment mainly involves various visible component
in urine, which consists of erythrocyte, leukocytes and epithelial cells
together with urinary cylinder and salt crystal. There is no cellular components
under high power lens, or just some leukocytes or epithelial cells emerge
occasionally. Urate, oxalate, phosphate, calcium carbonate and other salt
crystals. Urine cylinder includes hyaline cast which is mainly protein, particle
cast which is mainly cellular fragment, cellular cast which is mainly red blood
cells and waxy cast which is lipoprotein. In normal cases, there is no urinary
cylinder in urine.
Certainly, many patients feel baffled about the test report and they do not
know what the indicators stand for. By reading the above passage, I assume you
will have a clear congnition to those tests data.
If you still have confusion about the test report, you can email me at kidney-treatment@hotmail.com.