Life Expectancy of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) on Dialysis

What is the life expectancy of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) once they start dialysis? Many patients with Kidney Disease must be very concerned about this issue. In fact, it is hard to give a clear answer to the question. In rare cases, the patients may maintain dialysis for decades of years. However, most of the patients are not so luck and the serious complications like heart attack, hypotension, and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of the patients on dialysis. Therefore, to improve the life expectancy of patients with End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) on dialysis, it is the key to improve the renal function.

Dialysis only can take over a part of kidney functions. It can not clear up the macromolecular and moderate molecular metabolic products at all. As a result, these remaining metabolic products will lead to further damage to kidneys. Moreover, dialysis machine is only a cleaner, but does not have secretion function. Some essential hormones like renin and hemopoietincan not meet body's need, which can cause the incidence of complications and accelerate the patients' death rate ( Complications of ESRD ). Therefore, dialysis can not improve the patients' renal function at all and can not prolong the life expectancy of patients with End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF).

To improve the renal function of the patients and prolong the life expectancy, the patients of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) should clearing up the metabolic products completely and restore their kidneys.

Blood purification can clear up all metabolic products accumulated in blood. In this way, it can decrease the damage to kidney effectively. Also it can create a favorable environment for restoring the impaired renal cells and tissues.

As for restoring kidneys, Immunotherapy has showed its effective efficiency. After collection, purification and cultivation, Immunotherapy are infused into patients' body. For homing ability, Immunotherapy can immigrate to the kidney lesions directly and differentiate into new cells and tissues to replace the impaired renal tissues and cells to function. As a result, the renal function will improve to great extent.

Once the kidneys structures are restored, they will recover their filtration, secretion and other functions. Therefore, the patients will be able to live a normal life as other patients. However, as the disease conditions vary with different patients, not all patients with End Stage Renal Failure (ESRD) can get a satisfying therapeutic result. In clinic, the earlier treatment is, the better the prognosis will be.

If you are interested in our therapy and want to know more information, it is free for you to consult us on line.

More: The Prognosis of Renal Failure Patients Who Are on Dialysis

How to Choose Cold Medications for Patients with Kidney Disease

For weak immunity, the patients with Kidney Disease are more likely to catch a cold than normal people. In return, colds can aggravate the deterioration of renal function. Therefore, it is very important for the patients to take cold medications. However, some medicines contain renal toxicity or might interact with the prescription medications. The patients with Kidney Disease should avoid the following cold medicines.

Analgesic-antipyretic

The common analgesic- antipyretics include indometacin, ibuprofen and so on. These medicines can cause serious kidney damage. Especially for the elderly people, they are very sensitive to these medicines so the incidence of kidney damage is very high among them due to irrationally using medications. Therefore, it is very important for us to know the indications of medicines and should not take blindly.

Antibiotics

Gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin and tobramycin are common antibiotics with strong renal toxicity. These medicines can increase the incidence of Kidney Disease greatly for the elderly people and Diabetics. Long term (over two weeks) and large dosage of using these medicines can lead to serious kidney damage. Penicillin antibiotics like amoxicillin also can impair kidneys.

For the patients with Kidney Disease, they should avoid the above two kinds of medications ingredients. So it is necessary for them to know the ingredients which can be toxin to kidneys.

If you want to know more about the contraindications of colds medications, you can consult us on line.

How to Manage Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

For the patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), they often feel and have shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and dizziness and so on. In fact, anemia is the main complaint of these symptoms. If untreated, anemia can affect the patients’ life quality seriously and even cause heart disease and death. Therefore, it is very important for the patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to mange the anemia effectively.

Firstly, it is essential for us to know how anemia occurs in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

Kidneys are very important organs in body. Besides filtering blood, they also can produce the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) that can stimulate bone narrow to produce red blood cells. However, in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the diseased kidneys can not produce enough erythropoietin, therefore, not as many red blood cells are made thus leading to anemia.

Another cause of anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is iron insufficiency. Iron is the essential raw material of human blood and it is needed to make red blood cells. However, in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the patients usually experience vomiting, nausea and poor appetite, which can lead to the lack of iron-rich foods intake like red meat, green leafy vegetables and so on. In addition, infection, inflammation or red blood cells through hemodialysis also can cause iron insufficiency. Help Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Live Well with Anemia

To mange anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the patients should adjust their daily diet and increase the iron-rich foods intake so as to increase the raw materials of blood. Another way to manage anemia is applying erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to stimulate the formation and production of red blood cells.

However, those two approaches can not improve the anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) from the underlying cause because they can not recover the normal renal function to excrete erythropoietin.

Therefore, to treat anemia fundamentally, it is the key to recovering the normal renal function and restoring the impaired kidneys.

If you want to know the detailed information of our therapy, you can consult us on line.

More: How to Treat Anemia for People with Chronic Kidney Disease

Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): How is its Prognosis

In most cases of Kidney Disease, it progresses slowly over a period of years. According to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can be divided into 5 stages. In stage 3 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the GFR declines to 30~59 ml/min and the kidneys are damaged moderately. If the patients can receive proper treatment in this stage, it is possible for them to stop their disease from developing the next stage improve the prognosis of their disease. In this way, they will be able to avoid dialysis or Kidney Transplant.

In stage 3 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), as the kidney function declines, the metabolic products can build up and the patients may present high blood pressure, anemia and/or early bone disease, fatigue, swelling, urination change, sleep problem and so on. For the patients, besides the treatments focusing on the symptoms and keeping a healthy diet, they should receive therapy to restore their damaged kidneys. In the conventional therapies, there is no an effective treatment at all. However, with the development of regenerative medicine technique, Immunotherapy makes this treatment goal come true.

In stage 3 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the patients should take this therapeutic opportunity. Once it develops into next stage, some patients will have start dialysis, especially for those with Diabetes. Can Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease Be Reversed?

If you or your loved one is Kidney Disease suffer and want to know the according treatment therapies in different stages, you can consult us on line.

More: How to Manage the Symptoms of Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease

Normal Urine Output in Hemodialysis

Kidneys are important organs responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. By urinating, the kidneys can discharge the metabolic wastes and excess water from blood. Therefore, the urine output is an important index in reflecting of the renal function.

The amount of urine output in hemodialysis is equable to fluid that does not need to be removed by the dialysis machine. Although the remaining GFR may only be 4 to 5 Ml/ min in patients begun on maintenance hemodialysis, this is sufficient to make a significant contribution to the removal of the potential uremic toxins since filtration is continuous. Moreover, the urine output also helps regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance and may enhance nutritional status and survivals.

However, with extended period of hemodialysis, their urine output will decrease gradually and finally evolve into anuria. The decreasing urine output in hemodialysis is related to the flowing factors.

1. Once the patients start dialysis, a part of metabolic wastes like blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine are filtered out of fluid. The concentration of BUN and creatinine in blood are lower than before so osmotic diuresis may decline.

2. The patients with End Stage Renal Failure need to remove the excess water and sodium from body by hemodialysis. If ultrafiltration occurs, it can cause the effective blood volume to decline rapidly, which is followed by declining in urine output.

3. Hemodialysis can only clear up the metabolic wastes, but do not have secretion or regulation functions at all. With the dialysis going on, the patients’ renal function is still keeping on aggravation.

For patients on hemodialysis, the residual renal function is closely linked their urine output. Most of the patients may still have much and even normal urine output when they just start dialysis. The experts point that they should keep this condition to create favorable environment for improving the survival rate of the patients.

More: Complications Coming From Hemodialysis

The Newest Treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome

How to treat Nephrotic Syndrome from its underlying causes and avoid its frequent relapse? All patients with Nephrotic Syndrome are extremely concerned about this issue. Facing the ineffective efficiency of hormotherapy and high dosage of immunosuppressive agents, the patients begin to search for a better treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome. Then what is the newest treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome and is it really effective in treating Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic Syndrome is an immunological disease. Our immune system is a strong protection system and it can help our body away from the external damage of virus, bacteria and other pathogenic microorganism so our body can remain normal and healthy. However, in some cases, the immunity is disordered. Therefore, when the foreign pathological substances invade into body, the immune cells can not defeat them. When the antibodies and antigens encounter, they will bind to each other and form large immune complexes that can not be dissolved in blood. Afterwards, these immune complexes will flow into kidney and deposit in glomeruli. The body triggers an inflammatory response to remove the complexes out of body. For immunity disturbance, the immune cells can not tell the foreign substances from the body's tissues and cells. As a result, the renal tissues and cells are impaired by the inflammatory response.

In order to treat Nephrotic Syndrome fundamentally, a new treatment-immunotherapy is introduced into the treatment of Kidney Disease area. Immunotherapy can regulate the autoimmune process and control protein leakage by restoring the damaged kidney function thus achieving the goal of fundamental treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome.

In immunotherapy, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy plays two roles in the treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome. On one hand, the effective ingredients can degrade the immune complexes and make them can dissolve blood. Afterwards, they will be discharged out of body in urine. On the other hand, they can improve the patients' immunity and enhance the body's clearing ability to removing the immune complexes.

As the inflammatory response has impaired the renal tissues and cells, the patients should receive relative treatment to repair them. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can dilate blood vessels thus improving the oxgen and micronutrients supply to kidneys. In this way, it can enhance the self-repairing of the damaged tissues and cells. If the patients are still in the early stage of Nephrotic Syndrome, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can improve their renal function enormously. However, if the most of the renal functional cells are necrotic or sclerotic, they should receive Immunotherapy.

The patients with Kidney Disease to receive treatment as early as possible.
Once the renal cells and tissues are restored effectively, the kidneys will be able to improve and even recover their normal renal function.

How Long Can Patients with Latent Nephritis

How long can I survive once I am diagnosed with Latent Nephritis? For a part of the patients, their renal function can stay normal in a long term and the disease does not affect their life span. However, in some cases of Latent Nephritis, if untreated, it will develop into Chronic Kidney Disease gradually. With the aggravation of renal fibrosis, the disease will progress into Uremia and then the patients have to take dialysis or kidney transplant thus affecting their life span enormously.

However, as Latent Nephritis does not show obvious clinical symptoms, the persons have persistent mild proteinuria and hematuria. Only a minority of them have back pain, fatigue and gross hematuria. For no severe discomforts, the persons often do not attach importance to the early treatment. Unfortunately, the disease aggravates into Uremia.

In the early stage of Latent Nephritis, if the patients can receive proper treatment, most of them can recover completely or prevent the disease progression. Generally speaking, the prognosis of Latent Nephritis is good. However, if they do not take early treatment along with no attention to daily care, it will aggravate the disease very rapidly. If the persons have long term occult blood, it proves that the kidneys have serious pathological changes. Untreated, the renal fibrosis is initiated and damages the normal renal function gradually. Therefore, even if the persons do not have any discomforts, they should also treat Latent Nephritis as early as possible. In this way, they will be able to stop their renal function decline and live as long as the normal people.

Should Patients with Renal Failure Consume Wheatgrass

Wheatgrass is rich in nutrients, enzymes and active ingredients. Therefore, it is widely suggested to the patients with health problem. If the person have problem with kidney problem, they are recommended to consume wheatgrass. However, for persons who experience Kidney Failure, they are not suggested to take wheatgrass. The benefits of wheatgrass for the patients with kidney problem are as flows:

1. Wheatgrass is abundant of enzyme. Supplementing of enzymes can enhance the cellular activity. SOD is one of the most important enzymes in wheatgrass and it can prevent the oxides in body from inducing pathological changes in renal functional cells. Besides, SOD can eliminate toxins and beak down excessive fat and protein in body.

2. Wheatgrass is rich in chlorophyll. It can increase the hemoglobin index in human body, which can relive renal anemia to some degree. Also it can neutralize the toxic compounds as eliminate toxins accumulated in the blood due to kidney problem. In addition, chlorophyll has a favorable effect on blood vessels and can increase the renal blood volume. It is an excellent tonic as it enhances the basic transformation of nitrogen and reduces the formation of blood urine nitrogen thus decreasing the burden to kidneys.

3. For the persons with kidney problem, their kidneys may not able to keep the electrolyte balance as before. Wheatgrass can provide human body many essential nutrients like vitamin A, amino acid and minerals such as iron, zinc and so on. Therefore, it can correct electrolyte disorder to some extent.

4. One of the most important effects of taking wheatgrass regularly is maintaining a strong immune system. It can help the persons with kidney problem ward off infections that are very common among them.

Although wheatgrass have so many benefits on the persons with kidney problem, but it is not an effective remedy for them at all. Once their renal cells are impaired, they should take relative treatments to reverse their functions to improve renal function.

If you want to know more information other natural treatment of Kidney Disease, please consult us on line.

The Latest Treatment of Latent Nephritis

Latent Nephritis is also called Latent Glomerulonephritis. It mainly occurs after streptococcal infection. Immune disorder and abnormality plays the major role in Latent Nephritis.

When the infection virus as antigen invades into body, the antibodies in body can not kill them for immune disorder and abnormality. As a result, the antigens bind to antigens and form large immune complexes in blood. These immune complexes can not be dissolved in blood. As a result, when they flow through kidneys, they will deposit in glomeruli. Then the body initiates an inflammatory response to try to remove the immune complexes out of body. Ultimately, the inflammation can cause even more damage and impair the function of glomeruli leading to Latent Nephritis. With the progression of the disease, the patients will show a series of clinical symptoms like proteinuria, high blood pressure and so on.

The conventional therapies hormonetherapy only focuses on the treatment of symptoms, but has no effect on clearing up immune complexes and regulating immune system. Therefore, the patients with Latent Nephritis can not receive a satisfying therapeutic effect.

In order to treat Latent Nephritis from its underlying cause, immunotherapy is suggested to the patients.

1. Immunotherapy can block the binding of the antigens and antibodies to stop the formation of immune complexes. Therefore, it can eliminate the cause of inflammatory response.

2. As a lot of immune complexes have deposited in glomeruli, clearing them up can stop the inflammation and further damage to renal tissues and cells. On one hand, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is used to degrade the immune complexes. On the other hand, the effective medicines in Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can improve the self-clearance of the body.

3. In the next step, Immunotherapy plays the key role in repairing the impaired cells and tissues. Moreover, it can help rebuild the patients' immunity system.

After the above systemic treatment, the patients' renal function can have enormous improvement. In clinic, their relative symptoms can disappear and the tests results will recover normal. In this way, the patients will be able to avoid Renal Failure and improve the life expectancy of the life expectancy patients  with Latent Nephritis greatly.

If you do not know much about immunotherapy and want to know more about it, you can consult us on line.

More: What Is The Efficient Treatment for Chronic Nephritis in China

What Are the Symptoms and Stages of Amyloidosis Kidney Disease

Amyloidosis Kidney Disease mainly occurs among the male between 30~60 years old. From the involvement of kidneys to the appearance of clinical symptoms, Amyloidosis Kidney Disease can be divided into 4 stages:

Preclinical stage: In this stage, the patients do not have clinical symptoms and discomforts, but they can be inspected to have renal injury by renal biopsy. This stage can last for about 5~7years.

Proteinuria stage: Proteinuria is the earliest symptom of Amyloidosis Kidney Disease. Approximately 50% of the patients have proteinuria along with microscopic hematuria and 20% only have hematuria. The amount of protein in urine is closely linked to the severity of the amyloidosis. As the patients are often companied by autonomic neuropathy and also the adrenal gland is involved, they often have orthostatic hypotension.

Nephrotic Syndrome stage: Most of the patients with Amyloidosis Kidney Disease develop Nephrotic Syndrome characterized by massive proteinuria, low protein levels in blood and swelling. Nearly ¾ of them are also complicated with renal vein thrombosis. Once the patients are complicated with Nephrotic Syndrome, the prognosis of Amyloidosis Kidney Disease is poor and their renal function will aggravate at a very fast speed.

Uremia stage: Uremia is mainly caused by massive proteinuria and Nephrotic Syndrome. The patients present the common symptoms of uremia. However, their blood pressure does not elevate at all. The clinical symptoms of the patients with Amyloidosis Kidney Disease are closely related to the location of the amyloid substance. In some cases, the amyloid substances mainly despite around the renal tubule and the patients experience renal tubular and renal interstitial damages. In clinic, they have increased urine output. Some patients have renal sugar urine, renal tubular acidosis and electrolyte disturbance.

Once the patients Amyloidosis Kidney Disease develop Nephrotic Syndrome, it usually takes short time to develop into Uremia about 1~3 years. Therefore, early treatment is very important to improve the prognosis and Amyloidosis Kidney Disease and decrease the chance of developing Uremia.

Garlic Is Good to Patients with Kidney Disease

Garlic is one of top healthy foods for the patients with Kidney Disease. It plays several roles in protecting renal function. The common benefits of garlic for the patients with Kidney Disease are as flows:

1. In Kidney Disease, more than 95% of cases are related to immune disorder or abnormality. Garlic can enhance the immune system thus reducing kidney damage. Moreover, garlic has antioxidants effect, which can eliminate the free radicals that may contribute o the development of kidney disease.

2. Due to the diuretic properties of garlic, it can relive the retention of water and sodium in body. In return, the amount of fluid through the blood reduces. Less fluid decreases pressure on the walls of arteries lowering blood pressure.

3. Garlic is good to kidneys by protecting them from damage of heavy metals like lead, cadmium.

4. Garlic has anti-inflammatory effect. It can reduce the releasing of inflammatory factors into blood to decrease the chance of developing hyperlipidaemia. Meanwhile, it can decline the abnormal immune inflammation to some degree.

5. Meanwhile, garlic has certain effects in reducing the chance of developing complications of Kidney Disease. It is beneficial for the heart and also great for the digestive system.

However, garlic has blood-thinning properties and may increase the risk of bleeding. If the patients with Kidney Disease have the hemorrhagic tendency, they had better not eat garlic.

If you or your loved one is Kidney Disease suffer and want to know more detailed dietary advices, it is free for you to consult us on line.

More: Is Ibuprofen Associated With Kidney Damage

Amyloidosis Can Cause Kidney Damage

Amyloidosis is a kind of chronic metabolic disease due to the amyloid protein deposition in tissues and cells. It can cause damage to multiple organs and tissues. In all cases of amyloidosis, approximately 95% of the persons have kidney damage in varying degrees.

However, in the early stag of kidney damage, the patients do not present obvious symptoms so the patients often miss the optimal therapeutic opportunity. In kidney damage caused by amyloidosis, immune disorder plays the major role.

In healthy condition, when pathogen invades body, the immunity system will start work to kill them. After the pathogens are eliminated, the immune response will stop afterwards. However, if the immune function is disordered, it will not be able to function normally. When the pathogens are removed, the immune response still goes on, which can cause excess protein to form in blood. When these proteins deposit in kidneys, the body will arouse an inflammatory response to remove the proteins. The inflammatory response will impair renal tissues and cells thus causing kidney damage.

Therefore, inhibiting the abnormal activation of immune system and clearing up the deposited protein is the key for the prevent kidney damage. Here immunotherapy is suggested to the patients with kidney damage due to amyloidosis.

On one hand, the blood purification in immunotherapy can clear up the abnormal proteins in blood so as to decline protein deposition.

On the other hand, immunotherapy can suppress the abnormal immune activation and regulate immune function.

After the systemic immunotherapy treatment, it can prevent the renal function decline effectively and avoid the chance of developing Renal Failure.

Preventive Measures for Constipation among Dialysis Patients

Constipation is a common problem among the patients on dialysis. The stools are usually hard, dry and difficult to pass. It may cause gastrointestinal disorders, anal fissure, haemorrhoids and so on. Therefore, it is very essential to take effective preventive measures to avoid constipation for the patients on dialysis.
Generally speaking, the persons with constipation problem are recommended to have high fiber intake, drink more water and take proper exercises to increase the intestinal peristalsis. However, as the fiber foods are often rich in potassium and phosphorus, these minerals are restricted in the patients on dialysis. Moreover, they should also limit water intake. Therefore, the above recommendations can be difficult to follow for the patients on dialysis. The following article will introduce the general preventive measures for the patients on dialysis to avoid constipation.

Diet

Eating high fiber foods free of the substances that do harm to kidneys is the best way to prevent constipation. High-fiber whole grains and dried beans should be removed from their daily diet. As fruits and vegetables are abundant of fibers, the patients on dialysis should increase the allowed fruits and vegetables like strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, apples, grapes, carrots, green beans and so on in their daily diet.

Fiber supplement

If the patients on dialysis can not get enough fiber from their daily diet, they can increase fiber supplement properly by eating some fiber products. You should choose some safe brands and consult your doctor whether you should keep a fiber supplement.

Medications

If the above to measures is not enough to relive the constipation, the patients can ask their doctors to recommend some medications like a softener or a laxative. They should take some medications to help with regular bowel movement. Moreover, some meditations they take currently may contribute to the constipation for the patients on dialysis. They should tell their doctors what medicines they take and ask their doctors to change them or decline dosage.

If the patients on dialysis can take effective measures, the incidence of constipation will be reduced greatly.

More: When to Start Dialysis with High Creatinine Level

How to Recover the Function of Atrophic Kidneys

Kidney atrophy refers to the kidneys diminish in size. Kidneys are important organs responsible for filtering blood and discharging wastes products in blood. Once kidneys atrophy, they will not be able to function well followed by a series of clinical symptoms and decline in renal function. If untreated, the persons with atrophic kidneys will develop Renal Failure. Therefore, it is very important to reverse the damaged kidney function due to atrophic kidneys as early as possible.

Kidney atrophy happens when there is a loss of nephrons or poor renal blood circulation. Each kidney is composed of about one million nephrons. If the number of nephrons declines, it will lead to atrophic kidneys. In addition, if the renal arteries are impaired, the kidneys can not get efficient blood and nutrients supply, which also can thin the renal parenchyma thus causing kidney atrophy.

Therefore, the key to recover the function of atrophic kidneys is to improve renal blood circulation and repair the impaired nephrons.

Here Chinese herbal medicine is recommended to the persons with atrophic kidneys. Chinese herbal medicine originates from the ancient time and thousands of years' history has seen its effective efficiency in slowing kidney problems. It is mainly composed of herbs and also has some minerals and insect parts and other natural ingredients.

On one hand, Chinese herbal medicine can dilate blood vessels and clear up the inflammatory factors in blood. Therefore, it can decline the blood viscosity and widen the renal arteries. In this way, the blood and nutrients supply to kidneys increases and relieve the renal ischemia and anoxia.

On the other hand, some effective ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine can provide some essential nutrients for the self-repairing of the impaired nephrons. If renal function has not been damaged seriously, Chinese herbal medicine can recover the normal renal function by repairing the nephrons.

However, if a large part of nephrons are nephritic, the application of Chinese herbal medicine is not enough for recovering renal function. That is why the patients with Kidney Disease are often recommended to receive treatment as early as possible.

More: What Is the Treatment for Renal Atrophy

Does Creatinine Level 3.4 Need Dialysis

Question: I am suffering from kidney disease and have the following test results.

Urea: 40 mg/dl

Creatinine: 3.4

Sodium and potassium are normal

Hemoglobin is 12.5 G/dl.

These results are from the Pakistani lab. In Pakistan, my doctor told that I did not need transplant or dialysis now immediately as my kidneys are still working well like 30%~40% and also I still do not have apparent symptoms of Renal Failure. He said that I still can survive like 5 to 10 years. However, when I showed the above tests results to the doctors in UK, they told me to go for dialysis after observing the parameters. Please tell me should I start dialysis or not?

Answer: Generally speaking, the creatinine is at 3.4 and not along with serious complications like hypokalemia, swelling and so on, the persons need not dialysis immediately. However, if the kidney function still keeps decline, when the creatinine level declines to 5, you had better start dialysis.

Exactly, when you start dialysis is a very personal decision. Some people feel absolutely horrible at the creatinine level you are at and ask to start dialysis treatment at right away. In some cases, when the creatinine level rises to 6, as the patients do not have abnormal symptoms, they still reject dialysis. Of course, we generally do not suggest the persons to delay dialysis even if they do not have discomforts when the creatinine level is very high.

As for your condition, your kidneys are still working well. If you receive proper treatment, the chance of avoiding dialysis is very high.

For renal function decline, massive metabolic wastes have built up in your blood and the releasing of inflammatory factors seriously affect your blood circulation. In the first step, it is essential to clear up the body's internal environment and improve the blood supply to kidneys.

As the renal fibrosis has damaged the renal intrinsic cells, to improve renal function, the impaired renal intrinsic cells should be restored.

If the kidney function can be reversed, you will be able to avoid dialysis completely.


More: How Does Dialysis Help Lower High Creatinine

Can Red Bloody Stools Indicate Acute Renal Failure

Are red bloody stools a symptom of Acute Renal Failure? This is a question consulted frequently on line. Here this article will give a response to the question.

Generally speaking, Acute Renal Failure is not related with bloody stools. Actually, it is difficult to detect the symptoms of Acute Renal Failure. In general, the symptoms of kidney injury include swelling of the ankle, foot and leg and even generalized swelling, cola-colored or tea-colored urine, foam in urine, decrease in amount of urine and even urine stops completely, increased urination at night.

On the other hand, bloody stools are often a sign of other things going on. Bloody stools are very likely to do a hemorrhoid. During bowl movements, the hemorrhoid can cause blood to be excreted along with itching, swelling and pain in the effected areas. Other possible causes of bloody stools are diverticulosis, bleeding in the stomach and less frequently colon cancer. Both of these two diseases are common among the elderly. Also bloody stools also associated to a stomach ulcer, stomach inflammation or esophagus problem.

The above are the common causes of bloody stools. If the bloody stools are caused by diseases ( Causes of Acute Renal Failure ), it often last for a long time.

You should know that if you have a lot of beats or a high intake of iron, you may also have red or dark stools. If you adjust your diet, the symptom will disappear.

If you have bloody stools, you should consult your doctor and find its specific cause and receive relative treatment ( Treatment for Acute Renal Failure ).

What Is Immune

In a narrow sense, immune refers to the human body’s resistance to the pathogens (virus and bacteria) and harmful substances. In a broad sense, immune is a kind of special protective physiological function. Depending on this function, the human body can recognize and reject or eliminate the foreign substances to maintain the balance and stability of the internal environment.

Human body has the ability to keep prevent the foreign pathological substances invading into body referred as immunity.

The human body realizes the immune function depending on a systemic immune system. Every one has a powerful immune system that is composed of innate immune system and back-up immune system to keep the human body in a healthy state. Innate immune system is also called non-specific immune system. It is a natural defense function and is built up during the human evolution. In order to guarantee the safety of the innate immune system, the human body builds up the back-up immune system consisting of alternative pathway of complement activation system and adaptive immune system. The innate immune system and the back-up immune system work together to keep the body remain in a healthy state.

How Does the Immune System Work to Make Human Body Remain Healthy

The following article will describe how the innate immune system and back-up immune system function to keep the human body remain healthy.

Innate immune system responds depends on a large number of immune cells which contain phagocyte and killer cells. Phagocytes can take effect by devouring and digesting those pathogenic foreign bodies which exist within the blood and tissues of human body. Killer cells can also disintegrate or crack bigger pathogenic foreign bodies that can’t be devoured by phagocytes into fragments or smaller granules to be devoured by phagocytes easily. By this way, those pathogenic foreign bodies of blood and cells can be cleared up so as to keep a clean environment within blood and tissues.

Besides the above two types of immune cells in innate immune system, it also includes megakaryocytes, mastocytes and antigen presentation cells as well as T cell and B cell. These immune cells work together to form a complete and well-cooperative innate system to keep the human body’s health.

However, if the amount of pathological foreign substances exceeds that clearance ability of innate immune system or the defense ability of the innate immune system declines, the human body suffers from disease. At that time, the back-up immune system is activated to cooperate with the innate immune system to defeat against the pathogens together.

After a period of together work, the foreign pathological substances will be eliminated completely. As a result, the human body recovers normal from the illness condition, which is called self-healing ability of human body.
When the human body recovers normal state, the back-up immune system will get back to rest state and the innate immune system begins to work dependently, which is referred as the immune restrictive ability of the human body.

Immunotherapy: The Newest Therapy of Kidney Disease

Immunotherapy for the treatment of Kidney Disease is a great achievement in the medical area. It can improve the renal function of the kidneys by suppressing the abnormal immune response, clearing up immune complexes and blocking the formation of immune complexes as well as restoring the function of the impaired renal intrinsic cells and tissues. Immunotherapy is composed of six closely connective steps.

Step one: Brand-new diagnosis

Kidney Disease is a complicated disease and contains various pathological types. If the diagnosis is not clear or scientific, it is difficulty to make up a targeted therapeutic schedule and achieve effective therapeutic results. Therefore, comprehensive and accurate diagnosis of Kidney Disease is the premise for the recovery of Kidney Disease.

Firstly, hospital introduces the most advanced facilities and software system in the world.

Secondly, according to the specific characteristics of people from different regions of the world, we add some characteristic test indexes, through which, we can not only analyze the type of the disease and pathological characteristics, but also gain some standard and suggestions about how to use medicines rationally.

Step two: Immune-blocking stage

As approximately 95% of Kidney Diseases are caused by immune disorder or abnormality. Therefore, our hospital makes more efforts in the treatment of immune-medicated Kidney Disease.

Firstly, our hospital has built a powerful and overall diagnosis, which can tell both the pathological types and the sedimentary locations of the immune complexes accurately.

Second, we not only grasp the currently domestic immunosuppressive drugs and techniques, but also have introduced a series of low-side effects drugs and techniques.

Moreover, our hospital has abandoned the conventional western immunotherapy along, but combines the western medicines and Chinese traditional medicine together perfectly. They can inhibit the immune response immediately so as to stop the further damage to the renal intrinsic cells and tissues.

Step three: Immune-clearance stage

Based on the different disease conditions and pathological types of Kidney Disease, our hospital introduces a systemic immune-clearance technique including immunoadsorption, plasma exchange technique and hemoperfusion. They can clear up various kinds of pathological substances in blood effectively. Compared with the conventional dialysis that can only remove the macromolecular harmful substances, immune-clearance techniques can clear up the macromolecula, middle molecular and micromolecule substances all together.

As a result, the blood purification can create a favorable environment for restoring the damaged renal cells and tissues.

Step four: Immune tolerance stage

Although the immune response is blocked in the previous treatment, the necrotic renal cells and immune complexes as well as other pathological substances still exist in the kidneys. Therefore, the immune response is at high risk of recurring again to cause damage to the renal cells and tissues.

In step four, the patients enter immune tolerance stage. Immune tolerance means letting the kidneys accept the fact that immune complexes deposit in the kidneys and the purpose of this is to prevent the reoccurrence of immoderate immune response.

After the kidneys accept the truth, we need take relative measures to stop the recurrence of immune inflammatory response. By monitoring and assessing the immune response conditions in kidneys, the patients need immunosuppressive drugs infusion regularly to suppress the abnormal immune inflammatory response.

Step five: immune regulation stage

Having patients entered into immune-tolerance stage is just a interim measure not a cure for the disease because human body cannot coexist with immune complex and injured cells for a long time. However, there is a fact in current medicine science that Western medicine has not discovered how to clear away the immune complexes and other harmful substance using drugs and treatment, but they have to be removed. Facing the dilemma, our hospital has introduced an effective treatment-Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy to deal this problem.

On one hand, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can degrade the immune complexes and other harmful substances and make them dissolve in the blood. Then they will be brought out of body when urinating. On the other hand, Mircro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can regulate the abnormal immunity and improve the self-clearnce ability of the human body.

Step six: Immune protection stage

What is immune protection? It means that the patients need to take effective treatment to stop the further damage to renal tissues and cells as well as restore the impaired ones. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce the integrated application of biotherapy and medicines including Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can improve blood circulation and provides massive of micronutrients to enhance the self-repairing of the impaired cells and tissues.

However, if the renal cells are totally necrotic, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can not reveres the function of that part of cells. In this case, Immunotherapy is recommended to the patients. Immunotherapy means infusion of healthy Immunotherapy into the human body. For their multi-differentiation and regeneration abilities, they can differentiate into new cells to replace the necrotic ones to function. Ultimately, the renal function will improve enormously and even recover normal.

As a new therapy in treating Kidney Disease, immunotherapy brings infinite new hope for the Kidney Disease suffers.

Analyze the Causes of Kidney Diseases from Immunology

The human body has a powerful immune system stopping the foreign pathological substances from invading into body. Moreover, when the innate immune system is impaired, the back-up immune system will be activated to work together with the innate immune system. According to that, our human will not get disease. However, why does Kidney Disease occur?

Kidney Disease refers to a series of kidney pathological changes due to renal intrinsic tissues and cells. More than 95% of Kidney Disease is caused by immune function abnormality. Therefore, the causes of Kidney Disease are immune function disorder or abnormality.

No matter the innate immune system or back-up system can not function well, they all can cause abnormal immune response in body thus leading to Kidney Disease. If the innate immune system disorders, it releases messages to activate the adaptive immune system continuously, which can make the adaptive immune system work endlessly thus leading to excess immune response. If the back-up immune system disorders, it loses self-restriction ability, which also can cause the adaptive immune system to work endlessly.

The endless immune inflammatory response not only can not clear up the pathological foreign substance out of body, but also damage the normal cells and tissues in body. The excess immune inflammatory response is termed as hypertensive reaction.

If the hypersensitive reaction occurs in other organs and tissues, it will cause immune diseases in the organs and tissues. When the hypersensitive reaction occurs in kidneys, it will lead to Kidney Disease.

The reason why hypersensitivity occurs in the kidneys is that large amounts of immune complexes and other pathological substances are accumulated in the kidneys. Then why do the immune complexes and pathological substances deposit in kidneys?

That is because there are specific binding sites (also known as epitopes) on renal intrinsic cells and excellular matrixes (kidney tissues) for them to combine onto. The human body will mount an immune response to remove them from body. Hypersensitivity response will present if the immune response becomes allergic.

Renal intrinsic cells and kidney tissues will be damaged if hypersensitivity is out of control. In clinic, all kinds of kidney diseases are just clinical manifestations of kidney injury. As can be seen, the key to treating Kidney Disease is to eliminate deposited immune complexes and other pathological substances that can result in hypersensitivity in the kidneys.

Why Are You Fatigue in Kidney Disease

Many people with Kidney Disease seem to feel that they never have energy and feel tired all the time. Much research finds that anemia is the main cause of fatigue in Kidney Disease. Why do kidney disease patients suffer from fatigue?

In healthy case, the kidneys can secrete a kind of hormone hemopoietin that can promote the red blood cells production. However, once the kidneys are impaired, less hemopoietin is produced by kidneys, which leads to anemia. As red blood cells contain a protein called haemoglobin, which transports oxgen around the body. With the decline in red blood cells, they body tissues and cells can not get sufficient oxgen supply thus leading to fatigue.

The patients with Kidney Disease can flow the following advices to relieve their fatigue.

They can change their dietary supplements like increasing the iron and green leafy vegetables to provide more raw materials of red blood cells. Moreover, the body requires a balance of nutrients, vitamins and minerals to provide enough energy for daily activities. The patients with Kidney Disease should fill their diet with fruits and vegetables. Meanwhile, they should limit the intake of the vegetables and fruits with high potassium, phosphorus and other harmful minerals. Moreover, the grains, seeds and nuts can fill energy as well as providing fibre which promotes effective elimination of wastes products in the blood.

A lack of hydration is also a common cause of fatigue in Kidney Disease. If the patients do not have decline in renal function, they should keep enough fluid intakes per day, which can keep hydrated throughout the day. Water can help kidneys filter and separate out the nutrients the body needs while eliminating toxins and wastes from the blood. The patients with Kidney Disease should not that they can not drink coffee to boost energy as the caffeine is harmful to kidneys.

For the patients with Kidney Disease, if they can take effective measures and receive relative treatments, they will be able to relive fatigue.

What to Eat and What to Avoid for Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

In cases of Nephrotic Syndrome, the patients are featured by massive proteinuria, hyperlipemia and hypoproteinemia as well as swelling. A proper diet aiming at supplying adequate protein supply to replace the lost protein is very essential to slow down the disease progression.

Foods that can be eaten in Nephrotic Syndrome:

* Cow’s milk, skimmed milk

* Yogurt

* Vegetables and fruits with low level of sodium and phosphorus

* Wheat, cereals

*  Egg white, lean meat, fish

* Low intake of vegetable oils and butter

Foods to be avoided in Nephrotic Syndrome

High-protein diets: High-protein diets are not recommended for the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome because they can result in aggravation of renal function and damage to renal tubule. The patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should keep moderate protein intake about 1 gram/kg per body weight to compensate the lost protein in urine.

High-fats diets: Diets low in saturated fats and cholesterol are recommended to the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome. The diets can keep help the patients loss excessive weight thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

High-salt diets: High-salt diets not only can elevate high blood pressure and aggravate swelling, but also can limit the kidneys to remove phosphorous from the blood. If the phosphorous level in blood is too high, it can weaken bones.

Meanwhile, for the massive loss of protein in urine, the body can not get sufficient energy supply. In order to make up for it, the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should keep adequate calorie intake per day.

More: Nephrotic Syndrome and Chinese Medicine

Is Surgery an Essential Choice in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

In some cases o Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), surgery is an essential choice for the patients and can prevent the occurrence of Acute Renal Failure as well as avoid some life threatening diseases. If the patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), it is essential for them to take surgery.

1. The patients experience intracystic hemorrhage. If untreated, it may pollute abdominal cavity leading to severe peritonitis and even threaten their life.

2. If the cysts are infected and the antibiotics are no effective to solve the problem, the patients should be recommended to take surgery.

3. If the cysts grow in crucial parts of kidneys such as renal hilus, they may obstruct the blood circulation and decline the blood perfusion volume to kidneys. If the cysts are not removed, they will cause renal insufficient blood, oxgen and nutrients supply thus aggravating renal function decline.

If the patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) experience the above conditions, they had better receive the cysts to stop the disease progression. However, the patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) should know that surgery is not an effective therapy to treat the disease.

As Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is characterized by numerous cysts on kidneys, it is impossible to remove all of the cysts completely. Moreover, once the big cysts are removed, the small ones will grow up at a faster speed for more growth space. When the cysts grow big, they have to take surgery once again. The frequent surgeries not only can not stop renal function decline, but also can bring great trauma to kidneys. Therefore, surgery is not a wise choice for the patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) to remove cysts.

Here Chinese herb medicines are recommended to the patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD). Compared with surgery, Chinese herbal medicines do not bring sufferings and are free from side effects. On one hand, it can inactive the epithelial cells of the cysts thus stopping the secretion of cystic fluid. On the other hand, they can relive renal ischemia and anoxia due to cysts’ oppression and provide some nutrients to promote self-repairing of the damaged nephrons.

More: What Is The Best PKD Pain Treatment

Classes of Lupus Nephritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus( SLE) is systemic immunological disease. It can bring harm to multiple organs and tissues. When the kidneys are involved, it is called Lupus Nephritis. In history, Lupus Nephritis is divided into six classes. As follows:

ClassⅠ: Minimal Mesangial Lupus Nephritis

The glomeruli are roughly normal under light microscopy. The urinalysis is typically normal. Howeverm the mesangial deposits are noted in electron microscopy.

ClassⅡ: Mesangial Proloferative Lupus Nephritis

The light microscopy presents mesangial cells proliferation and matrix expansion. By immunofluorescence, IgG and/or IgM, c3c4 can be seen to deposit in mesangial area. In some cases, the patients may have microscopic hematuria with or without proteinuria. In this class, high blood pressure and Nephrotic Syndrome etc are rare.

ClassⅢ: Focal Lupus Nephritis

Focal Lupus Nephritis is noted by sclerotic lesions of < 50% of the glomeruli and segmental mesangial cells proliferation. In electron microscopy, subendothelial deposits are noted. Immunofluorescence reveals IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q in mesangial area and capillary walls. In clinic, hematuria and proteinuria is present with or without Nephrotic Syndrome, high blood pressure, and increased creatinine.

ClassⅣ: Diffuse Lupus Nephritis

It is the most common Lupus Nephritis. Approximately half of glomeruli are involved which can be segmental or global with mesangial or endothelial cells proliferation. Immunofluorescence reveals IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q in mesangial area and capillary walls. Clinically, hematuria and proteinuria is present, frequently with Nephrotic Syndrome, hypertension and elevated creatinine.

ClassⅤ: Membranous Lupus Nephritis

It is similar to Primary Membranous Nephritis. Meanwhile, it is featured by mesangial and endothelial cells proliferation. IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q deposit in capillary walls from immunofluorescence.

ClassⅥ: Advancing Sclerosing Lupus Nephritis

More than 90% of the glomeruli are sclerous. This stage is clinically observed as slowly progressive renal dysfunction.

The class of Lupus Nephritis is not stable. Uncontrolled, the disease will advance into next class. Therefore, the patients should receive treatment as early as possible to stop renal function decline.

More: Plasma Exchange Treats Lupus Nephritis Better

Latest Treatment of Lupus Nephritis

Lupus Nephritis is a serious manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nearly all patients with SLE have renal injury in varying degrees. Therefore, even if they do not have obvious clinical symptoms, they should also not neglect the screening. Early inspection and treatment are significantly important to improve renal outcome.

Autoimmunity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis. In some cases, the immune system is activated improperly and can not tell the foreign pathological substances from that of its body’s own. The autoantibodies form pathological immune complexes and deposit in glomeruli. Also the autoantibodies bind to antigens already located glomeruli forming immune complexes in situ. Immune complexes promote an inflammatory response by activating complement and attracting inflammatory cells thus leading to inflammation of glomeruli. As for the underlying cause of Lupus Nephritis, immunotherapy is recommended to the patients.

In immunotherapy, immune-blocking therapy can stop the production of the autoantibodies and decrease the abnormal factors in blood. As the immune complexes have formed in blood, it is essential to remove them so as to stop the further deposition in glomeruli. The goal of clearing up immune complexes is achieved by immune-clearing therapy in immunotherapy. However, the immune complexes have deposited in glomeruli, if they are not removed, they will cause further inflammatory response thus leading to damage to kidneys again. Immune-regulation therapy, on one hand, it can clear up the immune complexes by degrading the immune complexes. On the other hand, it also can regulate the patients’ autoimmunity and improve the clearance ability of the body.

Meanwhile, the patients with Lupus Nephritis should know that inflammatory response has damage the renal cells, especially for those with serious decline in renal function.

After the above systemic treatment, the patients’ renal function can improve obviously and effectively. Also they can avoid the relapse and side effects due to hormonetherapy.

Learn More: Lupus Nephritis: Can I Stop Dialysis When My Creatinine Level Decreases

Watch out for Increased Urination at Night

If you do not have excess water before going to bed, but have increased urination at night, you should pay more attention to this abnormal phenomenon. Increased urination at night may be an early cause of Kidney Disease.

What is increased urination at night? It can be presented in three ways: the urine volume at night >500 ml; the urine output at night/urine output in the day> 0.8; urinating more than 2 times at night.

Physiological increased urination at night is commonly seen among the infants and the elderly people. The former is caused by exuberant metabolic activities and the kidneys’ regulation function is still not mature. The latter is associated with the declined antidiuretic hormone and renal concentration ability.

If young people or the elderly people (55~60 years old) have frequent urination at night, they should find out if it is induced by the flowing factors.

Kidney Disease

Kidney Disease, especially when renal tubular is damaged, it can impair the renal reabsorption ability leading to increased urination at night.

Poor control of blood sugar

If the blood sugar level is too high, it can cause osmotic diuresis and make the urine output increase at night. If someone has asymptomatic increased urination at night, he should figure out whether it is aroused by Diabetes.

Decreased protein level in blood

In liver dysfunction, the liver can not synthetize enough albumin. As a result, the protein level in blood decreases leading to leakage increased urination.

Prostatic hypertrophy

In prostatic hypertrophy, the urine output volume does not increase. However, the persons usually have frequent urination at night.

Decreased bladder capacity

For the persons with the diseases such as bladder stone, bladder neoplasm etc, they can cause the bladder capacity to decline. They will have frequent urination at night, but the urine output volume does not increase.

Hyperaldosteronism

Primary Hyperaldosteronism is also a common cause of increased urination at night.

Sleep disorder

Severe sleep disorder also can cause increased urination at night. However, with the improvement of the sleep, the symptom will disappear gradually.

If you have increased urination at night, you should primarily to make clear about its cause and then receive relative treatment in time.

The Latest Treatment for Recovering Function of Atrophic Kidneys

Kidneys are important organs responsible for filtering blood and discharging metabolic products as well as maintaining the balance of water and electrolyte balance in body. The normal sizes of kidneys are 3~4 cm in thickness, 5~6 cm in width and 10~12 cm in length. However, in some cases, the kidneys may diminish in sizes than normal, which is called atrophic kidneys.

What are the causes of atrophic kidneys?

Nephron loss and decreased blood supply to kidneys are the common causes of atrophic kidneys. Each kidney is composed of one to two million nephrons which are the functional units of kidneys. Compression to kidneys or some diseases that can affect the nephron function can lead to nephron loss. As for renal ischemia, when the blood flowing to kidneys declines, the kidneys can not get insufficient oxgen and nutrients supply. As a result, the renal cells will die leading to atrophic kidneys.

What will happen if someone experience atrophic kidneys?

If someone experiences atrophic kidneys, the kidneys will not be able to perform well and realize the mentioned functions. If the person can receive effective treatment, it is possible to reverse the renal function.( What Is the Treatment for Renal Atrophy ) However, if the kidneys atrophy further, massive metabolic wastes and excess fluid will build up in body. Finally, with nephron loss and kidney fibrosis, they have to take dialysis or kidney transplant.

How to recover the function of the atrophic kidneys?

In order to avoid Renal Failure, the persons with atrophic kidneys should receive treatment immediately. Preventing nephron loss and improving blood supply to kidneys is the key to rescue atrophic kidneys. Here Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is recommended to the persons with atrophic kidneys. On one hand, effective integrants in Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can dilate blood vessels and remove thrombus so as to improve blood supply to kidneys and stop renal function decline. On the other hand, it can provide some micronutrients to stimulate the self-repairing of the impaired nephrons, which can improve renal function effectively.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis: Symptoms, Cause and Treatment

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a systemic immunological vascular disease. It can affect multiple organs and tissues like skin, joint and so on. If it involves kidneys, it will cause kidney damage, which is termed as Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis Cause

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis is autoimmune disease. In normal case, the immune system can protect the body from the foreign pathological substances invading into body. Therefore, the body can keep in a healthy and normal state. However, in some cases, the immunity system is activated improperly. As a result, the complexes of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement component 3 (C3) are deposited on arteries, capillaries and venules. Afterwards, these immune complexes will be carried to glomerular mesangial are by blood circulation. As the kidneys have specific blinding epitopes, the immune complexes will deposit in glomeruli mesangial cells. The body mounts an inflammatory response to remove the immune complexes. Ultimately, the inflammation can cause damage to and impair the function of the glomeruli, leading to Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis symptoms

* Upper respiratory tract infection

* Hemorrhagic measles mainly on lower limbs and buttocks

* Abdominal pain

* Hematochezia

* Joint pain, especially in knee-joint and ankle joint

* Hematuria

* Mild proteinuria

* High blood pressure

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis treatment

The conventional therapies of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis mainly include immunosuppressive therapy and hormonetherapy. The persons can get an obvious improvement after a period of treatment. However, these two therapies only focus on the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, it can stop the disease progression from its underlying causes. Once, the dosage of the hormone is reduced, it is very likely to relapse.

Hospital introduces the latest immunotherapy into the field of Kidney Disease treatment. Immunotherapy is a breakthrough in filed of Kidney Disease treatment. It aims to eliminating symptoms of Kidney Disease from its root causes. The immunotherapy in the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein is as flows:

* Immunosuppressants with little or no side-effects

* Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

* Immunotherapy

* Immune clearance techniques

Features

* Biological and natural therapies free of side effects

* Avoid recurrence of the disease

* Significantly improve the therapeutic effect of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis

Latent Nephritis: Pathology ,Symptoms, Treatment

Latent Nephritis is also called asymptomatic hematuria and/ or proteinuria. Generally, it is not complicated with swelling, high blood pressure or renal function damage. In most cases, Laten Nephrits is inspected out in physical examination. Most of the patients do not have obvious symptoms or signs. Only a part of the patients have back pain, fatigue, gross hematuria or other typical symptoms.

Pathology of Latent Nephritis

The pathlogical changes in Latent Nephritis are usually mild like mininal change, mild mesangial proliferative glomerular nephritis and focal segmental glomerular nephritisn etc. According to the pathlogical changs, mesangial proliferative glomerular nephritis can be divided into IgA Nephropathy and non-IgA Nephropathy.

Clinical symptoms of Latent Nephritis

Asymptomatic hematuria

Persistent microscopic hematuria and/or frequently occuring gross hematuria are the main clinical sympoms of Latent Nephritis. It mainly occurs among the adults without asymptomatic symptoms and signs. In most of cases of Latent Nephritis, microscopic hematuria is inspected out in physical examination.

The microscopic hematuria featured with persistence and frequent occurrences. A part of the patients may have transient gross hematuria, but it often disappears in a very short time.

Asymptomatic proteinuria

The proteinuria is usually persistent. The amount of urine protein is less than 2g/d mainly albumin. The patients with Latent Nephritis usually are not accompanied by swelling, high blood pressure and the renal function is generally normal. The blood test usually does not show abnormalities. Asymptomatic proteinuria can last for several years. For the patients with hematuria and proteinuria, their prognosis is usually poor that those with hematuria along.

Conventional therapy

1. The patients with Latent Nephritis should take regular tests including urine test, renal function test and high blood pressure test.

2. Protect renal function and avoid the factors that may cause damage to kidneys

3. If the frequnetly occuring tonsillitis is closely associated with hematuria and proteinuria, the patients should take extirpate tonsillitis.

4. For the patients with much proteinuria, they should use ACEI group.

How to Prolong Life Expectancy of Patients with Stage 5 Renal Failure

In stage 5 of Renal Failure, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines below than 15 ml/min and the creatinine level is extremely high. In this stage, the patients have already started dialysis or are preparing for it. However, dialysis is no use for improving renal function at all. Therefore, it also can not prolong the patients’ life expectancy.

Dialysis can only take over a small proportion of kidney function. It can only clear up the macromolecular harmful substances, but the left substances still remain in blood and do further damage to kidneys. As the residual renal function becomes less and less, the patients have to increase the dialysis frequency gradually. Meanwhile, the patients have to deal with a series of troublesome complications like hypotension, heart disease, infection and so on. These complications will certainly shorten the life expectancy of the patients with stage 5 of Renal Failure.

Also if the patients are complicated with serious heart diseases and other vascular diseases as well as high blood pressure, high potassium level in blood and renal ischemia, these also can shorten their life expectancy. Moreover, if the patients are accompanied with severe vascular diseases, they generally are not recommended to take dialysis because dosage of immunosuppressive agents can aggravate the diseases.

For the patients with stage 5 Renal Failure, their kidneys are impaired seriously. To prolong the life expectancy of the patients, they should restore the damaged kidney so as to improve the renal function. Here Immunotherapy is recommended to the patients with stage 5 Renal Failure.

Immunotherapy is a kind of biotherapy and does not have side effects on the patients. In this way, the renal function will improve greatly. As a result, the life expectancy of the patients with stage 5 Renal Failure will be prolonged effectively.

Learn More: How to Improve Prognosis of Stage 5 Kidney Failure

Lupus Nephritis( LN): Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Lupus Nephritis (LN) is one of serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune disease. This means there is a problem with the body’s immune system.

Lupus Nephritis causes

Lupus Nephritis is caused by autoimmune disorder or abnormality. In normal cases, the immune system helps protect the human body from infections or harmful substances. However, in some cases, the immunity is activated improperly and it can not tell the difference between harmful and healthy ones. When pathogenic microorganisms invade into body, the autoimmunity is activated to fight against them. However, as the immune system is disordered, the immune complexes C3, IgG, IgM etc deposit in the glomerular epithelial cells. The body initiates an inflammatory response to remove the immune complexes. As a result the inflammation damages the glomeruli and impairs the kidney function leading to Lupus Nephritis.

Lupus Nephritis symptoms

* Swelling around the eyes, legs, ankles or finger

* Weight gain

* High blood pressure

* Dark urine

* Frequent urination at night

Lupus Nephritis treatment

* Immunosuppressive agents and techniques

* Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

* Immunotherapy

* Immune clearance techniques

Features

* Biological and natural therapies free of side effects

* Avoid recurrence of the disease

* Significantly improve the therapeutic effect of Lupus Nephritis

Physical Exercise and Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a boring disease but it can be controlled well by proper physical activity exercise.

What are the benefits?

Proper physical activity exercise can lower your blood sugar and blood pressure; improve ability of the body to use insulin; reduce the risk for heart disease and stroke; make your heart and bones strong; improve poor blood circulation.

What physical exercise should I do?

Exercise is not an intended thing that you must prepare a long time or takes a certain amount of time. Doing some simple activities also bring some benefits. These activities may include:

* Walk around when you are listening to music or calling phone.

* Help to do some housework

* Water your flower in your balcony or garden

* Take your dog for a walk

* Give a bath of your cat

* Play with the kids

* Cook meals yourself

When your physical is well enough you can try a higher level of exercise some of which are listed below

* Climbing stairs instead of taking elevator

* Hiking

* Riding bicycle outdoors

* Jogging

* Playing tennis

* Dancing

These sports often require more energy and often make your heart beat faster and you may also sweat. 30 minutes a days and at least 5 days a week is suggest. However, you should remember that the exercise is not good as much as possible, and it must beyond your bearing capability.

Some considerations:

For diabetes type 1 patients, strenuous sports should be avoided when ketones appear in the blood or urine because ketones are often results of high blood sugar. And the blood sugar will also be evaluated if strenuous sports continue ignoring the already presence of ketones.

For diabetes type 2 patients, wild and moderate sports will lower your blood sugar if your blood sugar is high but without appearance of ketones.

Proper exercises bring many benefits but improper exercise cannot not only lower blood sugar but also elevate blood sugar. If you are confused whether this kind of sport can do you some benefits, you can consult your doctor or email me at renalhealth@hotmail.com.

What Is Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is a characteristic therapy in Kidney Disease Hospital, China. It has showed enormous effect in the treatment of Kidney Disease and brings infinite hope for the patients worldwide.

What is Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy?
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an innovation of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine is a complete medical system originating from thousands of years ago. Chinese herb medicine is mainly composed of herbs and also contains minerals, insets, animal skeleton etc. As the medicines integrants are mainly from the nature, it is totally a natural treatment. However, traditional Chinese medicine has too many defects. Traditional Chinese medicine is an oral therapy. It takes a long time to boil the medicines. When being boiled, the medicine efficiency will be discounted greatly. Moreover, long term taking decoction can cause severe irritation to intestines and stomach.
To get rid of the above disadvantages of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is created after many years’ researches. It is an innovative application of traditional Chinese medicine free of the above disadvantages.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an external therapy. The well-chosen Chinese herbal medicines are ultra-finely shattered and then the medicine powder is packed in a sack made of special material. When applied, the sack filled with medicine power should be soaked in the special penetrate and then heated for one hour or so. After all is all ready, the patients just need to lie in bed with two sacks attached to renal regions. The sacks are connected an osmosis devices, the mechanism is to promote permeation of medicines by vibration indirectly controlled by electron pulse. Therefore, the effective integrants can be penetrated into kidney lesions by the meridians and collaterals on the kidney area and also can be completely absorbed by the body.

How does Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy treat Kidney Disease?
Kidneys are important organs responsible for filtering blood. When blood flows to kidneys, the kidneys can get oxgen and nutrients to maintain normal physical activities. However, once the kidneys are damaged, the fibrosis of renal intrinsic cells starts for renal ischemia and anoxia. If the fibrosis is not blocked, the disease will develop into Renal Failure finally.
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can dilate blood vessels so as to improve the blood supply to kidneys. It can stop further fibrosis of renal intrinsic cells. Also, it can stop the releasing of the inflammatory factors effectively and reduce the infiltration of the inflammatory factors into kidneys.
Moreover, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can provide some micronutrients for the kidneys and promote the self-repairing of the renal intrinsic cells to some extent.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is a natural treatment for the patients with Kidney Disease. For effective efficiency and free of side effects, it will be accepted by more and more people around the world.

What Are the Complications of Uremia

Uremia is also known as End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF). In uremia stage, the renal function declines below 5% and no wastes are excreted by kidneys. As a result, many body systems are affected by this server illness condition thus leading to a series of complications.

1. Bone problem
Disordered vitamin D metabolism can cause poor absorption of calcium from the daily diet. As more parathyroid hormone is produced, it can leach more calcium from bone. As a result, the persons with Uremia often have bone problems.

2. Effects on cardiovascular system
Fluid retention can cause excess burden to heart and may lead t congestive heart failure. As more renin hormone is secreted by kidneys, it can aggravate hypertension. Also if the potassium level is too high, it also can increase the risk of developing cardiac arrest.

3. Respiratory effects
If the persons with Uremia develop congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema, it is very likely to cause shortness of breath and tachypnea. Some people with Uremia may have ammoniacal odour in mouth because the urea is converted to ammonia in saliva.

4. Metabolic disorder
In the cases of Uremia, the kidneys are impaired extremely seriously, they are unable to excrete wastes products normally and maintain electrolyte balance normally.

5. Skin problems
The persons with Uremia may have skin color change, skin itching, dry skin and uremic frost on skin. These skin problems are mainly associated with accumulation of uremic wastes in body and the imbalance of the electrolytes.

6. Effects on nerve system
Most of the persons with Uremia may experience sleep disorder. In severe cases, they may have impaired concentration and memory, sometimes mental confusion due to cerebral edema.

As Uremia can cause so many life threatening complications, it is very urgent for the patients to receive effective treatment as early as possible. If they can improve their renal function to 15%, it is definitely possible for them to avoid dialysis or kidney transplant.

Nephrotic Syndrome:Causes,Symptoms,Complications,Treatment

Nephrotic Syndrome is not a single disease, but a set of symptoms related to kidney dysfunction including massive loss of protein in urine, low blood protein levels, high blood cholesterols and swelling.

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome is caused by immune abnormality or disorder. Our human body has a powerful immune system to prevent the foreign microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses from invading into body. However, in some cases, the immune system is activated improperly in response to antigens that may not have potential to cause disease. When antibodies encounter and bind to antigens in blood, they form very immune complexes. Afterwards, these immune complexes will flow into kidneys and deposit in the glomeruli. The body will start an inflammatory response to try to remove them. Finally, the inflammation can impair the function of glomeruli. As a result, the permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane improves and a lot of protein will be filtered out into urine. In clinic, the persons are diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome.

Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome
* Swelling: It is a major symptom in Nephroitc Syndrome and especially occurs around the eyes, faces and ankles. In severe case, the persons with Nephrotic Syndrome may experience swelling in belly area.
*  Foamy urine: It is caused by the protein loss in urine.
* Weight gain: It is due to the retention of fluid in body.
*  High blood pressure: It affects both young and old persons with Nephrotic Syndrome.

Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome
* Infection: The persons with Nephrotic Syndrome have a high risk of developing infection.
* Chronic Renal Failure: Nephrotic Syndrome may cause the kidney function decline gradually over time.
* Acute Renal Failure: If the glomeruli are impaired seriously, a mass of wastes products will build up quickly in blood resulting renal function to decline at a fast speed.
* Malnutrition: Proteins are the main sources supplying energy for the body. As a mass of protein loss in urine can result in malnutrition.
* Blood clots: The proteins in blood can help prevent clotting. Therefore, the loss of blood proteins can increase the chance of developing blood clots in the veins.

Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome is a complex immunological disease affecting glomeruli. The conventional therapies mainly focus on the symptoms of the disease. The experience shows that the conventional along is not enough to treat Nephrotic Syndrome effectively. Clinical practices prove that immunotherapy can help the disease more effectively.


Immunotherapy is a great achievement medical field and brings new hope to the persons with intractable disease. As for the treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome, it aims at eliminating symptoms from its underlying causes. Immunotherapy can suppress the abnormal immune response, block the formation of immune complexes as wells as clear up the immune complexes deposited in blood and glomeruli. In this way, it can inhibit further damage to kidneys effectively.


Moreover, immunotherapy can restore the impaired renal tissues and correct the immune disorder as well as help rebuild immunity system. Therefore, it can make the persons with Nephrotic Syndrome avoid the relapse of the disease.


Immunotherapy is a breakthrough in the field of Kidney Disease treatment and makes it possible for the persons to avoid dialysis or kidney transplant.

Latest Treatment of Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis is featured by mesangial cells proliferation and mesangial matrix increasing. Generally speaking, the prognosis of the disease is good. However, if the mesangial cells proliferation severe along with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) renal interstitial fibrosis, its prognosis is extremely poor. For this part of patients, the relapse rate after kidney transplant is as high as 40%~60%. Therefore, it is very important for the patients with Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis to take treatment as early as possible.( The Efficient Treatment for Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis )

Autoimmunity plays the major role in Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis. In most cases of the disease, the patients had a medical history of infection. When external pathological substances (antigens) invade into body, the relative antibodies are activated to deal with the pathological substances. In normal condition, the antibodies can defeat the antigens. Finally, the body recovers normal from illness. However, some persons have immune deficiency so their immune system is activated improperly. The activated antibodies and antigens combine to form circulatory immune complexes and then deposit in mesangial are thus leading to mesangial cells proliferation. These immune complexes attract inflammatory factors thus impairing the kidneys. In clinic, the persons are diagnosed with Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis.

After the above analysis of the underlying causes of Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, it can be seen that correcting abnormal immune system and removing the immune complexes is the key in treating the disease and stopping its further damage to kidneys. Immunotherapy has showed its effective efficiency in realizing the above therapeutic goals.

Immunotherapy can clear up the abnormal antigens and antibodies so as to stop the formation of immune complexes. Also it can promote the excretion of the immune complexes by degrading the complexes and improving the clearance ability of the body.

In this way, the patients will be able to avoid dialysis or kidney transplant.

Learn More: The Prognosis of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

IgA Nephropathy: Symptoms and Prognosis

IgA Nephropathy is a kidney disorder caused by immune complexes deposition in glomeruli. It mainly affects people between 16~35 years old.

Symptoms of IgA Nephropathy
* Gross hematuria: It usually occurs a short time (24~72 hours) later after upper respiratory infection. Sometimes, the persons are also accompanied by mild systemic symptoms like muscle pain, painful urination, low fever ad back pain. The gross hematuria usually occurs frequently and it may convert to microscopic hematuria after a period.
* Microscopic hematuria with or without asymptomatic proteinuria: It is very common among children and adults.
* Proteinuria: It is usually mild and the urine protein is less than 1 gram in 24 hours. However, in a minority of cases, the persons may suffer from massive proteinuria and even Nephrotic Syndrome.
* Rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome: It is rare. The persons usually have persistent gross hematuria, massive of proteinuria. The renal function aggravates in a very short time along with edema and mild or moderate high blood pressure.
* Others: For the patients with typical clinical symptoms, they often experience intense pain in back and abdomen along with kidney stone. In this case, the disease is usually are misdiagnosed as kidney stone, pyelonephritis or acute gastroenteritis.

Prognosis of IgA Nephropathy
The following factors can influence the prognosis of IgA Nephropathy.
* The prognosis of IgA Nephropathy is poorer in male than female. What’s more, the earlier the disease starts, the worse its prognosis will be.
* For the persons with frequent gross hematuria, the prognosis is bad.
* If the persons with IgA Nephropathy develop massive proteinuria or Nephrotic Syndrome, the prognosis is not good.
* If the persons with IgA Nephropathy have a poor control of blood pressure, the prognosis is bad.
* If the pathological change in IgA Nephropathy such as crescent formation, interstitial fibrosis etc, the prognosis is bad.

Learn More: An Alternative to Kidney Transplant for IgA Nephropathy

The Newest Treatment for FSGS: Immunotherapy

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is an autoimmune disease. Immune disorder or deficiency is attributed to the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the right way to treat FSGS is to correct the immune system and repair the impaired kidney structure.

For healthy people, when the external pathological substances as antigens invade into body, the immune system can activate the related antibodies to fight the antigens. After the antigens are eliminated, the immune complexes of antigens and antibodies will be brought out of body through systemic circulation.

However, in some cases, the immune complexes can not be removed and they will enter into kidneys and deposit in the epithelial cells of the glomeruli. These immune complexes attract inflammatory factors gradually thus leading to inflammation of glomeruli. As a result, the epithelial cells are impaired and lost their barrier function. In clinic, the persons are diagnosed with FSGS and will present hematuria, proteinuria etc and other symptoms of FSGS.

The conventional therapies only focus on reliving the symptoms of FSGS and suppressing the inflammation reaction. However, it can not remove the immune complexes. Therefore, the disease often relapses frequently and finally develops into End Stage Renal Failure.

Immunotherapy treats FSGS from its underlying causes. It can remove the immune complexes in kidneys, block the inflammation reaction as well as restore the impaired renal epithelial cells. It can inhibit the renal fibrosis fundamentally and stop the renal function decline from its root cause.
Immunotherapy is aims at correcting the body's own immune system and recover the abnormal protection function of the body. It does not cause side effects to patients at all.

Learn More: Chinese Medicine: An Herbal Remedy for FSGS Kidney Disease

Tips Help You Prevent Kidney Problem

Kidneys are important organs responsible for filtering the toxins from body. If they can not function normally, it will cause many health issues. This article will list some tips that can help you prevent kidney problem.
 
Control blood pressure:
*  Blood pressure is a leading cause of Kidney Disease. Make sure your blood pressure is controlled. If you have chronic high blood pressure, it can increase your risk of developing Kidney Disease greatly. You should take proper medications to control your blood pressure at the target level 130/90 mmHg.

Drink lots of water:
* The kidneys filter the metabolic wastes from the blood and discharge them out of body in the form of urine. If the blood is not diluted well, the kidneys can not finish the function very well. If the wastes can not be filtered, it will result in various kinds of kidney problems.

Urinate frequently:
* If you have the urge to urinate, you should go to toilet at once. Holding back urine for a long time can cause bacterial growth in bladder and urinary tract resulting in infection. If the infection spreads to kidneys, it can impair the kidney function.

Avoid alcohol and smoking:
* The persons with the habits of drinking alcohol and smoking are more likely to suffer from kidney problem. Nicotine and alcohol can cause atherosclerosis resulting in high blood pressure. In turn, high blood pressure can impair kidneys. Moreover, smoking and drinking can induce a lot of toxins within the body which can easily damage the kidneys.

Regular check-ups:
* Kidney Disease usually starts silently without causing symptoms in the early stage. You should get yourself checked regularly, especially for those above 45 years old and under prolonged medications. Also the patients with Diabetes and high blood pressure also need to take regular check-ups.

Eat healthy:
* Fresh vegetables and fruits can keep you healthy and provide you with all the essential nutrients. You should include these foods in your daily diet. However, you should avoid eating junk food and reduce the drinks like coffee, carbonated drinks.
The above tips are very useful for you. If you can follow them in daily life, it can reduce the incidence of kidney damage greatly.

Learn More: Sleeplessness and Kidney Disease

Newest Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-associated Nephropathy

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-associated Nephropathy refers to the inflammation of glomeruli caused by HBV. Left untreated, it may develop into Chronic Kidney Failure. Therefore, it is essential for the patients with HBV-associated Nephropathy to receive treatment as early as possible.

Immunological injury plays the major role in HBV-associated Nephropathy. When HBV invades into body, they can not be killed by the related antibodies. As a result, when HBV antigens encounter antibodies, they will bind to each other to form immune complexes in blood. These immune complexes can not dissolved in blood. Afterwards, they will enter into glomeruli and cause inflammation of glomeruli. The inflammation will damage the epithelial cells of the glomerular capillaries resulting in HBV-associated Nephropathy. As the barrier function of glomerular epithelial cells is impaired, they can not prevent the leakage of protein, red blood cells. In clinic, the patients will present proteinuria, hematuria and high blood pressure etc.

The patients with HBV-associated Nephropathy usually are not sensitive to hormone. After a long term of hormonetherapy, most of the patients develop Chronic Renal Insufficiency. In order to achieve a favorable therapeutic effect of HBV-associated Nephropathy, immunotherapy is introduced into the field of kidney disease treatment.

Immunotherapy aims at reliving the symptoms of HBV-associated Nephropathy by correcting immune disorder, removing immune complexes as well as restoring the impaired kidney structure.

In immunotherapy, blood purification can remove the pathological factors and block the immune complexes formation. Moreover, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy not only can degrade the immune complexes and promote their excretion out of body, but also can correct the immunity and promote the clearance ability of the body’s own. Therefore, these treatment methods can stop the disease aggravation effectively.

How to Diagnosis Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-associated Nephropathy

Most patients with HBV only pay attention to the inspection on liver function, but do not know that HBV also can lead to kidney injury. As a result, many patients may develop Renal Insufficiency. Therefore, early diagnosis of HBV-associated Nephropathy is very important for the patients with HBV.
 
1. Clinical symptoms
Most of the patients with HBV-associated Nephropathy have protein in urine and gross hematuria rarely occurs. Most of the patients have high blood pressure.

2. Lab examination
The lab examination results in HBV-associated Nephropathy are as follows:
* Urine test is abnormal. Most of the patients have proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. In some cases, the patients may develop Nephrotic Syndrome.
* Hypocomplementemia and cryoglobulinemia
* Globulin level increasing is a main clinical feature of HBV-associated Nephropathy. If IgG and IgA levels increase, it proves that the lesion is in active state.

3. Microscopic examination
Under microscopy, the pathological changes in HBV-associated Nephropathy can present as Membranous Nephropathy, Mesangial Proliferative Nephropathy or Membranous Proliferative Nephropathy. The glomerular basement membrane has irregular incrassation along with mesangial cells increasing.

4. Immunologic examination
In immunological test, various kinds of immune complexes such as IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4 etc deposit in glomeruli.

5. Electron microscope
Electron microscope can present electron dense deposits depositing in mesangial area, glomerular basement membrane, the glomerular endothelial cells etc.
The above are the main tests for HBV-associated Nephropathy. For the patients with HBV, if they take related tests regularly so as to find if they have renal injury as early as possible.